Municipal wastewater treatment systems in the U.S. consume a total of approximately 30 billion kWh annually, and their operations are typically the largest energy users in a community. Individual wastewater facilities currently consume about five times more energy than is needed to treat their water flow, with that energy use expected to increase by up to 20% in the future due to more stringent water quality standards and growing water demand based on population growth. Reducing energy usage in these facilities can yield significant environmental, economic, and social benefits for local communities.

In recent years a growing number of utilities responsible for clean water have been moving from only wastewater treatment to water resource management, some formally renaming themselves water resource recovery facilities. Energy efficiency in equipment, processes, and operations is a fundamental part of this transition, and energy savings in facility retrofits can reach 50%. Facilities can expand this energy-efficient foundation with resource recovery measures to move closer to a sustainable wastewater infrastructure.